The near neutrino detector ND280 of the long-baseline accelerator experiment T2K has been upgraded to improve the precision of measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters. A key component of the upgrade is a novel segmented plastic scintillator detector, Super Fine Grained Detector (SuperFGD), made of approximately 2 million optically isolated 1 cm³ cubes read out by three orthogonal wavelength-shifting fibres and multi-pixel photon counters. The SuperFGD provides 3D images of neutrino interactions by tracking the final-state charged particles including protons down to a threshold of about 300 MeV/c. Due to the fine segmentation and the sub-nanosecond time resolution, the SuperFGD is able to detect neutrons from neutrino interactions and to reconstruct their kinetic energy by measuring the time of flight. In this paper, the details of the detector design, construction and performance in the T2K neutrino beam are described.

In this work, the characteristics of a prototype SPECT system based on the Timepix readout chip, with a MURA-type encoding mask, were evaluated. The setup has a small FoV and can be used in preclinical studies of drugs on small laboratory animals. Despite many existing test protocols developed and described in pertinent documents of national standard bodies and IAEA recommendations, they are not suitable for microtomographic systems based on semiconductor pixel detectors due to different detector technology, high spatial resolution and small area of interest. To measure their characteristics, special phantoms were developed, with a small “hot region”.

Such micro-SPECT parameters as spatial resolution, contrast, linearity, and system efficiency were studied using ^99mTc source. The detector calibration and data preprocessing are described.

The problem of identifying and extracting the dynamic variables associated with symmetry transformations from the full set of dynamic variables is considered. It is demonstrated that employing a boson representation of bifermion operators enables the problem to be solved using the canonical transformation of dynamic variables proposed by N. N. Bogoliubov. The results obtained justify the application of the cranking model for the description of the rotational excitations of nuclei.

We give a brief overview of the BRST approach to the gauge-invariant Lagrangian formulation for free massive higher-spin bosonic fields, focusing on two specific aspects. First, the theory is considered in four-dimensional flat space in terms of spin-tensor fields with two-component undotted and dotted indices. This leads to a significant simplification of the whole approach in comparison with the one where the fields with vector indices were used, since now there is no need to introduce a constraint responsible for the traces of the fields into the BRST charge. Second, we develop an extremely simple and clear procedure to eliminate all the auxiliary fields and prove that the BRST equations of motion identically reproduce the basic conditions for irreducible representations of the Poincáre group with a given mass and spin. Similar to the massless theory, the final Lagrangian for massive higher-spin fields is formulated in triplet form. The BRST formulation leads to a system of fields that are clearly subdivided into the basic spin s field, Zinoviev-like auxiliary fields, Singh–Hagen-like auxiliary fields, and special BRST auxiliary fields. The auxiliary fields can be partially eliminated by gauge fixing and/or using the equations of motion. This allows one to obtain formally different (with different numbers of auxiliary fields) but equivalent Lagrangian formulations.

This introductory  review is devoted to the newest section of the theory of symmetries -- the theory of quantum groups.
The principles of the theory of quantum groups are reviewed from the point of view of the possibility of their use for deformations of symmetries in physics models. The R-matrix approach to the theory of quantum groups is discussed in detail and is taken as the basis of the quantization of classical Lie groups, as well as some Lie supergroups. We start by laying out the foundations of non-commutative and non-cocommutative Hopf algebras. Much attention has been paid to Hecke and Birman-Murakami-Wenzl (BMW) R-matrices and related quantum matrix algebras. Noncommutative differential geometry on quantum groups of special types is discussed. Trigonometric solutions of the Yang-Baxter equations associated with the quantum groups GL_q(N), SO_q(N), Sp_q(2n) and supergroups GL_q(N|M), Osp_q(N|2m), as well as their rational (Yangian) limits, are presented. Rational R-matrices for exceptional Lie algebras and elliptic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation are also considered. The basic concepts of the group algebra of the braid group and its finite dimensional quotients (such as Hecke and BMW algebras) are outlined. A sketch of the representation theories of the Hecke and BMW algebras is given, including methods for finding idempotents  (quantum Young projectors) and their quantum dimensions. Applications of the theory of quantum groups and Yang-Baxter equations in various areas of theoretical physics are briefly discussed.

This is a modified version of the review paper published in 2004 as a preprint of the Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in Bonn.

The non-Markovian two-dimensional dynamics of charge carriers in a dissipative non-magnetic medium is studied. The possibility of observing a new classical Hall-type effect in the absence of a magnetic field is predicted.

The amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ peptide) is proposed to play a central role in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The pathology is associated with the fast accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid aggregates in brain tissues, though the fundamentals of the disease’s progression remain unsolved. It is noted that the preclinical stage of AD may play a crucial role in its further irreversible development. Namely, interactions between lipid membranes and Aβ-peptide molecules incorporated therein at relatively low concentrations should be under a close attention. In this review, we discuss recent works devoted to studying the lipid peptide interactions with a specific focus on the lipid membrane reorganizations caused by Aβ (25–35) peptide in the preclinical AD mimicking conditions. The interactions observed are believed to be important in understanding the mechanisms of the Aβ-peptide destructive effects on lipid membranes and the corresponding onset of the disease. The methods of applied nuclear physics have proven remarkably relevant in such research. The scattering methods provided instrumental information on a level of supramolecular assemblies, while spectrometry allowed obtaining information on the molecular level. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations provided details unachievable by experimental approaches, though the validation role of the latter cannot be undermined. Altogether, the recent advances in research results prove these complementary approaches the most appropriate for tackling the complex issues of biomembrane interactions.

Accurate identification of disease and correct treatment policy can save and increase yield. Different deep learning methods have emerged as an effective solution to this problem. Still, the challenges posed by limited datasets and the similarities in disease symptoms make traditional methods, such as transfer learning from models pre-trained on large-scale datasets like ImageNet, less effective. In this study, a self-collected dataset from the DoctorP project, consisting of 46 distinct classes and 2615 images, was utilized. DoctorP is a multifunctional platform for plant disease detection oriented on agricultural and ornamental crop. The platform has different interfaces like mobile applications for iOS and Android, a Telegram bot, and an API for external services. Users and services send photos of the diseased plants in to the platform and can get prediction and treatment recommendation for their case. The platform supports a wide range of disease classification models. MobileNet_v2 and a Triplet loss function were previously used to create models. Extensive increase in the number of disease classes forces new experiment with architectures and training approaches. In the current research, an effective solution based on ConvNeXt architecture and Large Margin Cosine Loss is proposed to classify 46 different plant diseases. The training is executed in limited training dataset conditions. The number of images per class ranges from a minimum of 30 to a maximum of 130. The accuracy and F1-score of the suggested architecture equal to 88.35% and 0.9 that is much better than pure transfer learning or old approach based on Triplet loss. New improved pipeline has been successfully implemented in the DoctorP platform, enhancing its ability to diagnose plant diseases with greater accuracy and reliability.